Nama Kelompok:
Capital
Wibisono
Suprapto 28210481
Jhon
Philip S 23210754
I
Made Wahyudi Subrata 23210346
Arya
Faisal 21210150
Dwi
Manggala S 22210194
(BAHASA INDONESIA)
Norma
Sosial
Norma
adalah aturan-aturan yang berisi petunjuk tingkah laku yang harus atau tidak
boleh dilakukan manusia dan bersifat mengikat. Hal ini berarti bahwa manusia
wajib menaati norma yang ada. Norma adalah kaidah atau ketentuan yang mengatur
kehidupan dan hubungan antar manusia dalam arti luas. Norma merupakan petunjuk
hidup bagi manusia dan pedoman perilaku seseorang yang berlaku di masyarakat. Adapun tujuan norma adalah untuk menjamin
ke-teraturan. Kongkretnya membentuk negara hukum dan menunjukkan sikap positif
dan proaktif. Untuk menjamin keteraturan memang ada hambatannya, yaitu adanya
mentalitas suka menerabas dan banyak bicara tapi sedikit bertindak. Itulah
ringkasan materi tentang NORMA"
Sedangkan norma sosial
ialah kebiasaan
umum yang menjadi patokan perilaku dalam suatu kelompok masyarakat dan batasan
wilayah tertentu. Norma akan berkembang seiring dengan kesepakatan-kesepakatan
sosial masyarakatnya, sering juga disebut dengan peraturan
sosial.
Norma-norma yang berlaku di masyarakat dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 5
jenis, yaitu norma agama, norma kesusilaan, norma kesopanan, norma kebiasaan,
dan hukum.
- NORMA AGAMA
Norma agama
adalah suatu norma yang berdasarkan ajaran atau kaidah suatu agama. Norma ini
bersifat mutlak dan mengharuskan ketaatan bagi para pemeluk dan penganutnya.
Yang taat akan diberikan keselamatan di akhirat, sedangkan yang melanggar akan
mendapat hukuman di akhirat. Agama bagi masyarakat Indonesia mampu membentuk
religius yang hidup penuh kesenangan jasmani dan rohani. Di Indonesia, agama
terbagi atas 5 bagian yaitu agama Islam, Kristen, Katolik, Hindu, dan Budha.
Contoh :
- Norma agama Islam antara lain adalah kewajiban melaksanakan hukum Islam dan rukun Imam.
- Dalam agama Kristen, kewajiban menjalankan sepuluh perintah Allah
- Dalam agama hindu, kepercayaan terhadap reinkarnasi, yaitu adanya kelahiran kembali bagi manusia yang telah meninggal sesuai karmanya, sesuai dengan kehidupan di masa lampau.
Contoh pelanggaran norma agama: Menghina orang lain,
berzinah, mencuri, mabuk-mabukan, dll.
- NORMA KESUSILAAN
Norma kesusilaan
didasarkan pada hati nurani atau akhlak manusia. Norma kesusilaan bersifat
universal. Artinya, setiap orang di dunia ini memilikinya, hanya bentuk dan
perwujudannya saja yang berbeda.
Contoh pelanggaran norma kesusilaanseperti pembunuhan,
pemerkosaan, dan pengkhianatan, pada umumnya ditolak oleh setiap masyarakat di
mana pun.
- NORMA KESOPANAN
Norma kesopanan
adalah norma yang berpangkal dari aturan tingkah laku yang berlaku di
masyarakat seperti cara berpakaian, cara bersikap dalam pergaulan, dan
berbicara. Norma ini bersifat relatif. Maksudnya, penerapannya berbeda di
berbagai tempat, lingkungan, dan waktu. Misalnya, menentukan kategori pantas
dalam berbusana antara tempat yang satu dengan yang lain terkadang berbeda.
Demikian pula antara masyarakat kaya dan masyarakat miskin.
Contoh :
- Tidak memakai perhiasan dan pakaian yang mencolok ketika berkabung.
- Mengucapkan terima kasih ketika mendapatkan pertolongan atau bantuan.
- Meminta maaf ketika berbuat salah atau membuat kesal orang lain.
Contoh pelanggaran norma kesopanan: berkata kasar
kepada orang tua, meludah disembarang tempat, makan sambil bicara, masuk
kedalam rumah orang lain tanpa izin.
- NORMA KEBIASAAN
Norma kebiasaan
merupakan hasil dari perbuatan yang dilakukan secara berulang-ulang dalam bentuk
yang sama sehingga menjadi kebiasaan. Orang yang tidak melakukan norma ini
biasanya dianggap aneh oleh lingkungan sekitarnya.
Contoh :
- Kebiasaan melakukan “selametan” atau doa bagi anak yang baru dilahirkan.
- Kegiatan mudik menjelang hari raya.
- Acara memperingati arwah orang yang sudah meninggal pada masyarakat Manggarai, Flores.
Contoh
pelanggaran norma kebiasaan: memakai pakaian yang terbuka, buang angin
disembarang tempat, menganiaya seseorang, dan makan sambil berdiri.
- NORMA HUKUM
Norma hukum
adalah himpunan petunjuk hidup atau perintah dan larangan yang mengatur tata
tertib dalam suatu masyarakat (negara). Sanksi norma hukum bersifat mengikat
dan memaksa. Sanksi ini dilaksanakan oleh suatu lembaga yang memiliki
kedaulatan, yaitu negara.
Ciri norma hukum antara lain adalah diakui oleh
masyarakat sebagai ketentuan yang sah dan terdapat penegak hukum sebagai pihak
yang berwenang memberikan sanksi. Tujuan norma hukum adalah untuk menciptakan
suasana aman dan tentram dalam masyarakat.
Contoh :
- Tidak melakukan tindak kriminal, seperti mencuri, membunuh, menipu.
- Wajib membayar pajak.
- Memberikan kesaksian di muka siding pengadilan.
Contoh pelanggaran norma hukum: menerobos lalu
lintas, tidak menggunakan helm ketika mengendarai motor, mencuri, dll.
Menurut kami,
pelanggaran yang kerap dilakukan oleh para mahasiswa ialah pelanggaran norma
kebiasaan. Seperti tidak mengerjakan tugas yang diberikan oleh dosen, tidak
menghadiri matakuliah diajarkan dosen ( disebut juga oleh kalangan mahasiswa
dengan kata “Cabut ), telat ketika masuk jam matakuliah, menyontek saat ujian,
dll.
(ENGLISH)
Social Norms
Norms are rules of
conduct that contains instructions that should or should not be made of human
and non-binding . This means that a man shall comply with existing norms .
Norms are rules or regulations that govern life and human relations in a broad
sense . Norma is clues for human life and one's code of conduct in force in the
community . The purpose of the norm is to ensure all irregularities . Its
concrete form of law and demonstrate a positive and proactive attitude . To
ensure regularity constraints do exist , that is the mentality like bypass and
a lot of talk but little action . That is a summary of the material on NORM
"
While social norms is common practice that a standard of behavior in a society and certain regional boundaries . Norma will be developed along with community social agreements , often also referred to as social regulation .
While social norms is common practice that a standard of behavior in a society and certain regional boundaries . Norma will be developed along with community social agreements , often also referred to as social regulation .
Norms prevailing in society can be classified into 5 types, namely religious norms, moral norms, norms of politeness, norms customs, and laws .
1.
RELIGION NORMS
Religious norms is a norm or rule that is based on the teachings of a religion. This norm is absolute and requires obedience for the followers and believers. The obedience will be given salvation in the afterlife, while in violation will be punished in the afterlife. Religion for people in Indonesia are able to form religious life of physical and spiritual pleasure. In Indonesia, religion is divided into 5 sections namely Islam, Christian, Catholic, Hindu, and Buddhists.
Religious norms is a norm or rule that is based on the teachings of a religion. This norm is absolute and requires obedience for the followers and believers. The obedience will be given salvation in the afterlife, while in violation will be punished in the afterlife. Religion for people in Indonesia are able to form religious life of physical and spiritual pleasure. In Indonesia, religion is divided into 5 sections namely Islam, Christian, Catholic, Hindu, and Buddhists.
example:
• Norms Islam among other obligation to carry out Islamic law and pillars of the Imam.
• In Christianity, the obligation to run ten commandments.
• In the Hindu religion, belief in reincarnation, which is a rebirth for the man who has died according to his karma, accordance with life in the past.
• Norms Islam among other obligation to carry out Islamic law and pillars of the Imam.
• In Christianity, the obligation to run ten commandments.
• In the Hindu religion, belief in reincarnation, which is a rebirth for the man who has died according to his karma, accordance with life in the past.
Examples of violations of religious norms:
Insulting others, commit adultery, steal, get drunk, etc..
2.
MORAL NORMS
Moral norms are based on the human conscience or morals. Universal moral norms. That is, every person in this world have it, just form and realization are different.
Moral norms are based on the human conscience or morals. Universal moral norms. That is, every person in this world have it, just form and realization are different.
Examples of moral norms violations, such as murder, rape, and betrayal, is generally denied by all people everywhere.
3.
NORMS of DECENCY
Norms decency is the norm that stems from the a code of conduct that apply in the community such as how to dress, how to behave in socially, and talk. This Norms is relative. That is, the application is different in different places, environments, and time. For example, determine the appropriate category in the dress between one place to another is sometimes different. Similarly, between the rich and the poor.
example:
• Do not wear flashy jewelry and clothes when mourning.
• Say thank you when getting help or assistance.
• Ask for forgiveness when did wrong or upset others.
Examples of violations of norms of decency: saying rude to parents, spitting at any place, eating and talking, get into someone else's house without permission.
Norms decency is the norm that stems from the a code of conduct that apply in the community such as how to dress, how to behave in socially, and talk. This Norms is relative. That is, the application is different in different places, environments, and time. For example, determine the appropriate category in the dress between one place to another is sometimes different. Similarly, between the rich and the poor.
example:
• Do not wear flashy jewelry and clothes when mourning.
• Say thank you when getting help or assistance.
• Ask for forgiveness when did wrong or upset others.
Examples of violations of norms of decency: saying rude to parents, spitting at any place, eating and talking, get into someone else's house without permission.
4.
NORMA HABITS
Norms habit is a result of the actions committed repeatedly in the same form that it becomes habit. People who do not do this norm is usually considered strange by the surrounding environment.
example:
• Habit performing "selametan" or prayer for the new born child.
• homecoming activities ahead of the holiday.
• The event commemorates the spirits of people who have died in the Manggarai, Flores.
Examples of violations of norms habit: wearing revealing clothes, fart in any place, to persecute someone, and eating while standing.
Norms habit is a result of the actions committed repeatedly in the same form that it becomes habit. People who do not do this norm is usually considered strange by the surrounding environment.
example:
• Habit performing "selametan" or prayer for the new born child.
• homecoming activities ahead of the holiday.
• The event commemorates the spirits of people who have died in the Manggarai, Flores.
Examples of violations of norms habit: wearing revealing clothes, fart in any place, to persecute someone, and eating while standing.
5 . LEGAL NORMS
Rule of law is a set of life instructions or commands and prohibitions that govern the order in a society ( country ) . Sanctions are binding legal norms and force . The sanctions implemented by an institution that has sovereignty , namely country .
Characteristic of the rule of law , among others, are recognized by the public as a legitimate and provisions contained as a law enforcement authority to impose sanctions . The purpose of legal norms is to create an atmosphere of safety and peace in society .
Rule of law is a set of life instructions or commands and prohibitions that govern the order in a society ( country ) . Sanctions are binding legal norms and force . The sanctions implemented by an institution that has sovereignty , namely country .
Characteristic of the rule of law , among others, are recognized by the public as a legitimate and provisions contained as a law enforcement authority to impose sanctions . The purpose of legal norms is to create an atmosphere of safety and peace in society .
example :
• Do not do the crime, such as stealing , killing , cheating .
• Obligation to pay taxes .
• Provide court testimony in front siding .
Examples of violations of the rule of law : through the traffic , do not use a helmet when riding a motorcycle , stealing , etc. .
• Do not do the crime, such as stealing , killing , cheating .
• Obligation to pay taxes .
• Provide court testimony in front siding .
Examples of violations of the rule of law : through the traffic , do not use a helmet when riding a motorcycle , stealing , etc. .
In our opinion , the violation of which is often done by students is the norm violation habits. Like not doing the tasks assigned by the lecturers , lecturers do not attend courses taught ( called also by the students with the word " Cabut " ) , when the incoming clock late course , cheating on exams , etc. .
SUMBER :
